HORACE Purifying Face Mask for Men - Deep Cleanse & Refine Pores
Pros
- Gentle on Skin: Suitable for sensitive skin without harsh chemicals. Pore Refinement: Helps reduce blemishes and blackheads effectively. Simple Usage: Only requires a weekly application, making it easy to incorporate into your routine.
Cons
- Limited Fragrance: Unscented formula may not appeal to those who prefer fragrant skincare products. Application Time: Requires a 15-minute waiting period, which might be inconvenient for some.
Key Features
- Effective Skincare: Formulated with natural ingredients to purify and soften skin. Cleansing Properties: Kaolin and silica work together to absorb excess sebum and impurities. Vegan and Allergy-Friendly: Free from parabens, alcohol, and mineral oils, making it suitable for all skin types. Easy Application: Simply apply once a week for optimal results.
Specifications
- Volume: 2.45 fl. oz. Rating: 3.8 out of 5 based on 63 reviews Skin Types: Suitable for all skin types including sensitive, oily, dry, and combination.
The HORACE Purifying Face Mask for Men is designed specifically for men seeking an effective skincare solution. With a formulation that boasts 98.9% naturally-derived ingredients, this mask aims to purify and soften your skin, leaving it clean, clear, and soothed. The inclusion of kaolin clay and blue everlasting flower means you can enjoy a deep cleanse while also refining your pores.
Origins Clear Improvement Charcoal Mask | Purifying Treatment
Pros
- Effective at reducing excess oil and unclogging pores.
- Improves skin texture and minimizes visible pores.
- Suitable for a wide range of skin types.
- Quick results; many see improvements after a single use.
- Contains natural ingredients that are gentle on the skin.
Cons
- Some users with sensitive skin may experience irritation.
- Not all users may see dramatic results immediately.
- Requires some time to dry before rinsing off, which might not suit everyone's routine.
Key Features
- Purifies Pores: Formulated with Bamboo Charcoal to deeply cleanse and draw out impurities.
- Reduces Excess Oil: Helps absorb oil and debris that can lead to breakouts and blemishes.
- Improves Skin Texture: Regular use can visibly enhance the smoothness and appearance of your skin's surface.
- Visible Results: Users have reported up to 84% reduction in oil after just one application.
- Vegan Formula: Free from animal-derived ingredients, making it suitable for ethical consumers.
The Origins Clear Improvement Active Charcoal Mask is a standout product in the realm of skincare, particularly known for its ability to purify pores and reduce excess oil. Ideal for those with normal, combination, and oily skin types, this mask utilizes the power of Bamboo Charcoal and clay to effectively cleanse your skin while enhancing its overall texture.
Kiehl's Avocado Nourishing Hydration Mask - Soothes Skin
Pros
- Deeply hydrates and nourishes the skin.
- Non-greasy formula that absorbs well.
- Easy to apply and rinse off.
- Improves skin texture and overall appearance.
- Made with natural ingredients, minimizing harsh chemicals.
Cons
- Some users may find the scent too strong.
- Effectiveness may vary based on individual skin type.
- Price point might be higher than other masks in the market.
Key Features
- Rich and creamy texture that provides intense hydration.
- Infused with Avocado Fruit Extract to seal in moisture.
- Contains Avocado Oil to nourish and soften the skin.
- Includes Evening Primrose Oil for enhanced skin elasticity.
- Can be applied up to three times a week.
- Quick application time; leave on for just 15 minutes.
- Suitable for all skin types, especially dry skin.
Specifications
- Brand: Kiehl's
- Product Type: Face Mask
- Rating: 4.2 out of 5
- Review Count: 191 reviews
- Contents: 1x Avocado Nourishing Hydration Mask
The Kiehl's Avocado Nourishing Hydration Mask is designed to provide your skin with a much-needed boost of hydration and nourishment, especially if you're dealing with dry or dull-looking skin. This rich and creamy mask works effectively to soothe and moisturize without leaving an oily residue. Many users have reported that their skin feels noticeably softer and replenished after use.
This mask can be particularly beneficial for those looking for a conditioning treatment that deeply hydrates and smooths the skin, promoting a healthier appearance overall. With its creamy texture inspired by ripe avocados, this formula is both lightweight and effective.
Baxter of California Purify Clay Mask AHA for Men
Pros
- Fast-acting results within just 10 minutes.
- Formulated with beneficial ingredients like clay and AHA.
- Convenient application process suitable for at-home use.
- Highly rated with a score of 4.5 from 155 reviews.
Cons
- May not be suitable for sensitive skin types due to exfoliating properties.
- Results may vary based on individual skin conditions.
Key Features
- Deep-cleansing formula that purifies skin quickly.
- Exfoliates the surface layer to improve overall skin texture.
- Helps reduce signs of aging and dry skin.
- Evens out skin tone for a smoother appearance.
- Soothes and hydrates the skin post-application.
The Baxter of California Purify Clay Mask AHA for Men is a deep-cleansing clay mask designed to purify and revitalize your skin in just 10 minutes. Crafted specifically for men's skin, this product brings together the power of clay and alpha hydroxy acids (AHA) to exfoliate effectively while addressing various skin concerns such as signs of aging, dryness, and uneven skin tone.
Ursa Major Natural Face Mask - Exfoliates & Brightens Skin
Pros
- Gentle yet effective exfoliation
- Fast-acting treatment saves time
- Natural ingredients promote healthy skin
- Suitable for both men and women
- Helps with various skin concerns, including clogged pores and uneven skin tone
Cons
- Results may vary based on skin type
- Only available in a single size (1.57 fluid ounces)
Key Features
- Flash Enzyme Treatment: Quickly exfoliates dead skin cells while promoting cell turnover.
- Natural Ingredients: Contains pomegranate, hibiscus, and pineapple to soothe and brighten your complexion.
- No Harsh Chemicals: Free from parabens, sulfates, synthetic fragrances, and other harmful additives.
- Aromatic Experience: Offers a tropical scent that enhances your masking experience.
- For All Skin Types: Suitable for normal, oily, combination, and sensitive skin.
The Ursa Major Natural Face Mask is a versatile skincare product designed to exfoliate, brighten, and clarify your skin in just three minutes. This vegan, cruelty-free, and non-toxic formula is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their skin's appearance without the irritation often associated with harsher treatments.
Dermalogica Multivitamin Power Recovery Masque - Anti-Aging
Pros
- High customer satisfaction rating of 4.6 based on 733 reviews.
- Contains a blend of vitamins that are known for their anti-aging benefits.
- Provides deep hydration, leaving skin feeling soft and supple.
- Soothing properties help reduce irritation and enhance skin resilience.
Cons
- Some users may find the application time of 10-15 minutes inconvenient.
- May not be suitable for extremely oily skin types, as it offers deep hydration.
Key Features
- Rescue Aging Skin: This face mask acts as a potent remedy for damaged skin, replenishing essential nutrients.
- Vitamin Powerhouse: Enriched with Vitamins A, C, and E, it protects against free radical damage and encourages collagen production.
- Deep Hydration: Features nutrient-rich Algae Extract and Pro-Vitamin B5 to hydrate and nourish your skin deeply.
- Soothes & Calms: Contains botanical extracts like Licorice, Comfrey, and Burdock that calm irritated skin, enhancing its resilience.
- Easy to Use: Simply apply a generous layer to cleansed skin, leave on for 10-15 minutes, and rinse thoroughly. Recommended usage is once a week or as needed.
The Dermalogica Multivitamin Power Recovery Masque is a targeted anti-aging face mask designed to rescue dull, stressed, and aging skin. With its combination of powerful vitamins and botanical extracts, this masque serves as an effective solution for restoring your skin's radiance while combating the visible signs of aging.
Sealing-in-Moisture Mask | Award-Winning Sheet Mask
Pros
- Quick application and results in just 15 minutes.
- Secure fit allows for multitasking without slipping.
- Clinically backed efficacy with significant improvements in skin hydration and firmness.
- Gentle formulation suitable for sensitive skin.
- Contains beneficial ingredients known for their skin-enhancing properties.
Cons
- Some users may find the price point higher compared to standard sheet masks.
- Limited availability might make it challenging to purchase in some regions.
- Only available in packs of five, which may not be ideal for those who want to try a single mask first.
Key Features
- NO MESS, MOVES WITH YOU: The patented cream-coated design ensures the mask stays put during various activities, making it ideal for busy lifestyles.
- ADVANCED 3-LAYER DESIGN: Features an inner cream layer that delivers active ingredients deeply, a breathable middle layer for enhanced comfort, and an outer PU layer that seals in moisture for prolonged hydration.
- DERMATOLOGIST-TESTED RESULTS: Clinical testing has shown impressive improvements in hydration (+126%), firmness (+121%), tone (+112%), and glow (+180%) within just 15 minutes.
- SAFE FOR SENSITIVE SKIN: Awarded Dermatest 'Excellent', this product is free from parabens and harsh chemicals, making it suitable for all skin types.
- POWERED BY KEY INGREDIENTS: Formulated with niacinamide, adenosine, and collagen to help improve skin tone, reduce fine lines, and enhance elasticity for a youthful appearance.
The Sealing-in-Moisture Mask is an innovative, award-winning no-slip sheet mask designed to offer deep hydration and firming effects in just 15 minutes. With its unique triple-layer cream technology, this mask promises to deliver visible results while being gentle enough for all skin types. Whether you're busy cooking or relaxing with a book, this mask stays securely in place, allowing you to multitask without worry.
Pacifica Sheet Masks for Face - Hydrating & Soothing
Pros
- Delivers instant hydration and leaves your skin feeling refreshed.
- Lightweight material that adheres well to the contours of your face.
- Affordable price point considering the quality and effectiveness.
- Widely available both online and in stores, making it easy to purchase.
Cons
- Some users may find certain variants have strong scents that are not to their liking.
- Results may vary depending on individual skin types and concerns.
Key Features
- Natural Ingredients: Formulated with plant-based extracts to nourish and hydrate your skin.
- Variety of Options: Available in multiple variants, each targeting different skin concerns like hydrating, brightening, and soothing.
- Easy Application: The masks fit comfortably on your face, making application hassle-free.
- Cruelty-Free: Pacifica is committed to creating products that are not tested on animals.
Specifications
- Product Type: Sheet Mask
- Volume: Each pack contains several masks, typically five per box.
- Skin Type Compatibility: Suitable for all skin types, but especially beneficial for dry or dull skin.
- Ingredients: Vegan and gluten-free formulation.
The Pacifica Sheet Masks for Face are a skincare essential designed to elevate your self-care routine. With a remarkable rating of 4.6 from 280 reviews, these masks are crafted with natural ingredients aimed at delivering hydration and nourishment to your skin. Whether you’re preparing for a special occasion or simply indulging in some much-needed relaxation, these sheet masks promise a rejuvenating experience.
Oxy Vitamin C Serum - Hydrating Face Serum with Hyaluronic Acid
Pros
- Clinically proven ingredients effectively target acne and improve skin texture.
- Fast-absorbing and lightweight formula that does not clog pores.
- Suitable for all skin types, making it versatile for different users.
- Hydrates and brightens skin, leading to a healthier appearance.
- Positive feedback from over 650 reviews, showcasing user satisfaction.
Cons
- Results may vary based on individual skin types and conditions.
- Some users may experience sensitivity to salicylic acid if used excessively.
Key Features
- Total Care of Acne-Prone Skin: Formulated with two types of Vitamin C, 0.5% salicylic acid, and hyaluronic acid to visibly reduce acne, exfoliate, hydrate, and brighten skin.
- Dermatologist Recommended: This soothing, oil-free acne serum absorbs quickly and is suitable for all skin types.
- Repair and Rejuvenate: Contains fermented mushroom extract that helps repair and rejuvenate acne-prone skin.
- New Look, Same Trusted Formula: While the packaging has been updated, the trusted formula remains unchanged and continues to be relied upon by teens.
- Versatile Solutions: Effective for various types of acne including facial acne, back-ne, and butt-ne, providing head-to-toe solutions for teen skin.
The Oxy Vitamin C Serum + Hyaluronic Acid for Face is an advanced skincare solution designed to treat, brighten, and smooth your skin. This serum prominently features clinically proven ingredients such as salicylic acid, which penetrates deeply into pores to tackle acne at its source. With the inclusion of two forms of vitamin C, it aims to even out skin tone and reduce blemishes, while the hyaluronic acid locks in moisture, ensuring hydration and a smooth complexion.
What sets this serum apart is its dermatologist-recommended formula, which is gentle enough for all skin types. The Oxy Vitamin C Serum absorbs quickly, is oil-free, and boasts a pleasant scent, making it a practical addition to your daily skincare routine.
Origins Clear Improvement Detoxifying Cleanser - Minimize Pores
Pros
- Effectively minimizes the appearance of pores with regular use.
- Quickly washes away makeup, oil, and pollution.
- Leaves the skin feeling fresh without any tightness or dryness.
- Great option for those looking for a vegan skincare solution.
Cons
- Some users may find it too strong if they have sensitive skin.
- Not all users may see immediate results; consistent use is key.
Key Features
- Gel-to-foam consistency that transforms upon application.
- Contains Salicylic Acid for gentle exfoliation and pore unclogging.
- Bamboo Charcoal purifies the skin and absorbs impurities.
- Formulated to be non-drying and non-stripping.
- Suitable for normal, oily, and combination skin types.
- Vegan formula, free from animal-derived ingredients.
The Origins Clear Improvement Detoxifying Cleanser is designed specifically for those who struggle with oily skin and visible pores. This gel-to-foam face cleanser features powerful ingredients like Salicylic Acid and Bamboo Charcoal, which work together to purify your skin, leaving you with a clean and refreshed complexion. With a rating of 4.5 stars from 91 reviews, this product has garnered significant attention for its effectiveness.
HORACE Face Cleanser - Purifying Gel for Men | Gentle Skincare
Pros
- Gentle yet effective cleansing action
- Helps maintain natural moisture balance in the skin
- No artificial fragrances or harsh chemicals
- Convenient packaging allows for easy use
- High customer rating of 4.4 stars based on 197 reviews
Cons
- Some may find it lacks a strong fragrance if they prefer scented products
- May not remove heavy makeup without additional cleansing
Key Features
- Formulated with 98.7% naturally-derived ingredients
- Contains Aloe Vera and plant-derived glycerine for skin soothing
- Unscented and vegan, ideal for sensitive skin
- Free from parabens, sulphates, and mineral oils
- Suitable for all skin types: oily, dry, sensitive, and combination
- Easy-to-use pump dispenser for controlled application
The HORACE Face Cleanser for Men is a purifying gel specifically designed to combat excess sebum while being gentle on your skin. Formulated with 98.7% naturally-derived ingredients, this cleanser aims to keep your skin clean, clear, and soft. It caters to all skin types, making it a versatile choice for your daily skincare routine.
This unscented formula is particularly appealing for those who prefer a minimalist approach to skincare. Its blend of Aloe Vera and plant-derived glycerine works to soften and smooth your skin, offering protection against irritations while maintaining natural moisture levels. Whether you have sensitive, oily, dry, or combination skin, this product is designed thoughtfully to meet your needs.
Incorporating the HORACE Face Cleanser into your regimen is straightforward. Simply massage 1 or 2 doses onto your face and neck in circular motions for about a minute, allowing it to create a mild foam. This can be done in both the morning and evening, making it easy to maintain clean skin throughout the day.
Baxter of California Daily Fortifying Shampoo for Men - Strengthens All Hair Types
Pros
- Effective Cleansing: Users report that it effectively cleanses the scalp without stripping away natural oils.
- Strengthening Properties: Many customers note improved hair strength and health after regular use.
- Refreshing Scent: The minty fragrance is widely appreciated for its invigorating effect during showers.
- High Customer Rating: With a solid rating of 4.5 stars from over 1050 reviews, it reflects user satisfaction and trust in the product.
Cons
- Price Point: Some users may find the price on the higher side compared to other shampoos in the market.
- Not for Dry Scalp: Those with excessively dry scalps might need additional moisture beyond this shampoo.
Key Features
- Cleanses and repairs hair and scalp: This shampoo effectively removes dirt and buildup while nourishing your hair and scalp.
- Invigorating Mint Sensation: The fresh mint scent provides a refreshing and energizing experience, making your shower feel more revitalizing.
- Suitable for All Hair Types: Whether you have straight, curly, or wavy hair, this shampoo is formulated to work well with a variety of hair textures.
- Perfect Gift Idea: Combine it with other Baxter of California products like the Daily Fortifying Conditioner and Exfoliating Body Bar for a complete grooming gift set, especially ideal for Father's Day or any special occasion.
The Baxter of California Daily Fortifying Shampoo for Men is designed to cater to all hair types, offering a balance between cleansing and strengthening. If you're looking for a shampoo that not only cleanses your hair but also repairs and revitalizes your scalp, this product might be an excellent addition to your grooming routine. With a fresh mint scent, it delivers an invigorating experience every time you wash your hair.
Baxter of California Herbal Mint Toner for Men - Refreshing & Non-Drying
Pros
- Gentle on the skin, making it ideal for sensitive skin types
- Effective at removing dirt and oil without stripping moisture
- Provides a refreshing minty feel
- Easy to incorporate into your daily skincare routine
Cons
- Some users may find the mint scent too strong
- Higher price point compared to drugstore alternatives
Key Features
- Removes impurities effectively
- Nourishes dry skin without causing dryness
- Helps protect your skin barrier lipids
- Leaves skin cleaner, softer, and more luminous
- Suitable for all skin types
- Non-drying and paraben-free formula
The Baxter of California Herbal Mint Toner for Men is a carefully crafted skincare product designed to cater to all skin types. With an emphasis on removing impurities while nourishing dry skin, this toner stands out as both effective and gentle. You'll appreciate how it helps protect your skin's barrier lipids, ensuring that your complexion remains healthy and balanced.
Not only does it cleanse the skin, but it also leaves it feeling softer and more luminous. With a rating of 4.6 from 617 reviews, many users have shared their positive experiences with this toner, emphasizing its non-drying formula and paraben-free composition.
Hyaluronic Acid Serum with Vitamin C & E - Hydrating Formula
Pros
- Deeply hydrates skin for a soft and supple feel
- Helps reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
- Lightweight formula that absorbs quickly
- Suitable for all skin types including sensitive skin
- Ethically produced with vegan ingredients
Cons
- Some users may not see immediate results
- Availability might vary based on location
Key Features
- Premium vegan Hyaluronic Acid derived from the seeds of the Cassia angustifolia plant
- Draws in moisture and forms a hydrating barrier for plump, smooth skin
- Absorbs quickly without leaving a greasy or sticky residue
- Free from parabens, dyes, and fragrances; Vegan & Cruelty-Free
- Your satisfaction is prioritized with the Amara Difference guarantee
Specifications
- Volume: 1 fl. oz.
- Rating: 4.4 out of 5 based on 2226 reviews
The Hyaluronic Acid Serum for Skin with Vitamin C & E is designed to provide intense hydration while enhancing the overall appearance of your skin. This serum features hyaluronic acid, a powerful ingredient known for its ability to hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, which helps to draw moisture from the environment and create a protective layer on your skin. Infused with antioxidants like vitamins C and E, this serum not only hydrates but also smooths out fine lines and wrinkles, giving your skin a radiant glow.
This non-irritating formula is suitable for all skin types, making it particularly ideal for those with sensitive or dry skin. It’s free from harsh chemicals, parabens, and artificial colors, making it a safe choice for daily use both morning and night.
Ursa Major Essential Face Tonic | 4-in-1 Natural Toner
Pros
- Effective multi-tasker: Eliminates the need for multiple products, saving time and simplifying your routine.
- Clean formula: Ideal for those who seek natural and non-toxic skincare options.
- Positive user feedback: High rating of 4.6 from over 439 reviews indicates customer satisfaction.
- Versatile usage: Works well for various skin types, accommodating many different skincare needs.
Cons
- Price point: Higher than some traditional toners, which may not fit every budget.
- Aroma preference: The unique scent might not appeal to everyone, especially those sensitive to fragrances.
- Results may vary: As with any skincare product, individual results may differ based on skin type and conditions.
Key Features
- 4-in-1 functionality: Cleanses, exfoliates, soothes, and hydrates the skin in one simple step.
- Naturally-derived ingredients: Includes hydrating aloe, toning birch sap, conditioning willow bark, and brightening sugarcane.
- AHA/BHA exfoliating complex: Built-in gentle exfoliants that help maintain clear and smooth skin.
- No harmful chemicals: Paraben-free, fragrance-free, cruelty-free, and vegan, ensuring a non-toxic experience.
- Suits all skin types: Formulated for men and women with normal, oily, combination, and sensitive skin.
- Refreshing aroma: Features a unique scent profile of orange, lavender, and fir for a revitalizing experience.
- Leave-on product: No need to wash or wipe off; can be applied directly or with a cotton round.
The Ursa Major Essential Face Tonic is a versatile 4-in-1 natural toner designed to cleanse, exfoliate, soothe, and hydrate your skin. With regular use, it promises to leave your skin feeling refreshed, firm, and alive. This toner stands out not only for its performance but also for its commitment to clean, healthy ingredients, making it an excellent choice for those who prioritize skincare safety.
Vitamin E Skin Oil - Nourishing Hydration for All Skin Types
Pros
- Highly rated by users, indicating strong satisfaction.
- Rich in antioxidants, which may help protect the skin from damage.
- Easy to apply and absorbs well into the skin.
- Aids in reducing the appearance of scars and stretch marks.
Cons
- Some users might find the oiliness not suitable for their preference.
- Results may vary depending on individual skin type.
- May require consistent use to see significant results.
Key Features
- Soothe, soften, and moisturize your skin with ease.
- Each bottle delivers 1,500 IU of Vitamin E oil.
- Widely praised for its effectiveness in enhancing skin texture.
- Suitable for various skin types, including sensitive skin.
The Vitamin E Skin Oil (2) is a versatile skincare product designed to soothe, soften, and moisturize your skin effectively. With each bottle containing 1,500 international units of Vitamin E oil, this product promises to deliver essential nutrients that can enhance the overall health and appearance of your skin. Given its high rating of 4.6 based on 3,477 reviews, it's clear that many users have found it beneficial.
Vitamin E Skin Oil - Nourishing Hydration for Skin
Pros
- Highly effective at promoting skin softness and moisture retention.
- Affordable price point for the amount of product offered.
- Good absorption properties, leaving skin feeling hydrated without greasiness.
Cons
- Some users may find the scent too strong or not appealing.
- May not be suitable for those with oily skin types, as it could lead to excess oiliness.
Key Features
- Rich in Vitamin E: Each bottle contains 1,500 international units of Vitamin E oil.
- Multi-functional: Use to soothe, soften, and moisturize your skin.
- Suitability: Suitable for various skin types and conditions.
- Manufactured in India: Ensures quality and adherence to international standards.
The Vitamin E Skin Oil is designed to promote supple skin while providing soothing and moisturizing benefits. With a formula that includes 1,500 international units of Vitamin E oil, this product offers an effective solution for those looking to improve the overall texture and hydration of their skin. Made in India, it has garnered a solid reputation with a rating of 4.4 out of 5 stars based on 992 reviews.
Doppeltree Gold Facial Mask - Hydrating Anti-Aging Sheet Mask
Pros
- Instant Hydration: Your skin feels immediately moisturized and revitalized after use.
- Unique Hydrogel Technology: Adheres well to the contours of your face for better absorption of ingredients.
- Good for All Skin Types: Formulated to be gentle enough for sensitive skin without causing irritation.
- Rejuvenating Effect: Reduces redness and enhances the natural complexion of your skin.
Cons
- Price Point: Higher than typical sheet masks, which may not fit every budget.
- Single Use: While effective, it's important to consider that this mask is designed for one-time use only.
Key Features
- Saturated with 24K Nano Gold: Enhances skin radiance and promotes a youthful glow.
- Collagen and Hyaluronic Acid: Helps maintain skin elasticity and infuses moisture deep into the skin.
- Vitamins C + E: Provides antioxidant protection while nourishing the skin.
- All Natural, Vegan, and Cruelty-Free: Made with organic ingredients, suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin.
- Convenient Home Spa Experience: Designed to give you the refreshing feel of a day spa treatment right at home.
Specifications
- Rating: 4.3 out of 5 based on 700 reviews.
- Package Contents: Comes in a tray rather than a bag, ensuring freshness and hygiene.
- Origin: Inspired by Korean skin care practices for an authentic spa experience.
The Doppeltree Gold Facial Mask is a premium hydrogel sheet face mask designed to elevate your skin care routine. Infused with 24K nano gold, collagen, and vitamins C & E, this mask promises to deliver immediate hydration and anti-aging benefits. Unlike traditional cotton masks that may not adhere well or deliver optimal ingredients, this mask is saturated in a luxurious hydrogel base, ensuring that your skin receives the full benefit of its premium ingredients from the first application.


























































